Friday, January 4, 2019

SEM II - UNIT IV - One Act Plays


SEMESTER II


Unit IV  (ONE- ACT PLAYS)

1. THE DEATH TRAP - Saki
Introduction
Saki is the pen name of H.H.Munro. He was born in Burma and began his career as a journalist. He is considered to be the master of short stories. The Death Trap is a one act play. The twists and turns make the play thrilling and the suspense is maintained till the end.

Prince Dimitri
Prince Dimitri is crowned king at a very young age of fourteen. He is the last member of his dynasty. He is a very brave boy. When some of his generals plot to murder him he faces death courageously. When his doctor suggests that he can drink poison and die instead of being murdered Prince Dimitri dismisses it as a cowardly act. He is very fond of nature and sports and regrets that he has to die young without enjoying both. Yet he accepts death calmly. Dimitri is also very clever. At the end of the play he fools his enemies and kills them by poisoning the wine.

The Plot to Murder the Prince
The Generals belonging to the Kranitzki Regiment plot to kill Prince Dimitri and crown Prince Karl as the king. They take away all his weapons on some excuse so that he cannot defend himself. They wait for his other two regiments which are very loyal to leave. When Prince Dimitri is left unguarded they plan to murder him. They wait outside his room.

The Role of the Doctor
At that moment the Prince’s faithful friend Dr. Stronetz arrives. The enemies take away his revolver before allowing him to meet the Prince. The doctor is worried that the Prince has to face cruel death at such a young age. He suggests that the Prince could die peacefully by consuming poison. The Prince refuses. As they are discussing the enemies rush in. immediately the doctor begins to examine the Prince’s chest and body. He tells the conspirators that the Prince is suffering from a serious disease and will live for only six more days. So they leave without murdering him.

The Prince’s Disappointment
The Prince feels very happy that he has been saved. He praises the doctor for saving him. But his happiness is short lived. The doctor confesses that he spoke the truth and that he is really suffering from a fatal disease and will not live for more than six days. The Prince is very disappointed. He asks the doctor for the poison.

The Prince Takes Revenge
Prince Dimitri has a plan. He invites the generals to celebrate the success of the future king, Prince Karl. He offers them wine mixed with poison. He too drinks the poisoned wine. The conspirators pretend to be loyal and say they cannot serve another king. Dimitri tells them that they will never serve anybody else because they have been poisoned. Shortly they all fall down. Dimitri is amused that they will keep him company in the other world.

Conclusion
Though the play is a tragedy it has been made interesting and enjoyable by the talented playwright.

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2. THE DEAR DEPARTED - Stanley Houghton
Introduction
Stanley Houghton was a famous English playwright. The central theme of his play The Dear Departed is the problems faced by old people. They are neglected by their children, who are more interested in their property than in their well being.

Abel Merryweather
Abel Merryweather is an old widower. He has two married daughters, Elizabeth and Amelia. They consider it a burden to take care of their aged father. He stays with them in turns. When the play opens he is with his younger daughter, Amelia. Through a strange incident he comes to know the ungrateful nature of his daughter. One morning he goes out to pay his insurance premium. After returning home he goes to upstairs to sleep unconsciously in a drunken state. When Amelia wakes him to have his dinner he does not get up. She thinks he is dead. She informs her sister Elizabeth. Amelia does not bother to send for a doctor. Instead she and her family start mourning and wear back clothes.

Abel Merryweather’s two daughters
Amelia is a greedy woman. She does not wish to share her father’s belongings with her sister. With the help of her husband she brings the old man’s new cabinet down. She also brings down his clock. She even asks her husband to wear her father’s new slippers. Elizabeth is in no way different from Amelia. As soon as she arrives she wants to know if her father had paid Insurance Premium. Otherwise they would not be able claim the money.

Abel Merryweather Comes Alive
As the papers are in the cabinet, Amelia’s little girl Victoria is sent upstairs to bring the keys. Victoria returns with the shocking news that the grandfather is getting up from his deep sleep. Shortly the old man comes down. He is surprised to see Elizabeth and her husband. He wants to know why they are mourning. They try to give some explanation. He is shocked to see his cabinet and clock. He is even more shocked to see Amelia’s husband wearing his slippers. From their conversation he realizes that he was mistaken to be dead and that his ungrateful daughters are fighting for his belongs instead of mourning his death.

Merryweather’s Marriage with an old widow
The old man is pained at the behavior of his daughters. He wishes to teach them a lesson. He tells them that he is marrying Mrs. Shorrocks who owns Ring O’Bells and that all his property would be willed to her.

Conclusion
The theme is serious one. It is about how parents are treated by their children in their old age. Ungrateful children are more interested in their parents’ property than in their well being. The author conveys this serious message through a light hearted comedy.

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3. THE SHERIFF'S KITCHEN -  Ronald Gow
Introduction
Ronald Gow was an English dramatist, chemist and a school teacher. He produced several  educational silent films. He also wrote plays for the BBC. This play deals with an interesting event when Robin Hood escapes from the prison, putting the Sheriff himself into the cell.

The Cook's Argument with the Steward
The play opens with a conversation between the cook and the steward of the Sheriff’s house.  The cook complains that the Sheriff doesn’t come to dinner at proper time. So he often fights with the steward. The steward convinced the cook that he had the key for ale cellar. There might be some good ale. His words changed the mind of the cook. Then they planned to have ale. And they became friends. A messenger comes and gives the message that Robin Hood is caught.

Robinhood as an Outlaw
Robin Hood was a benevolent outlaw, robbed the rich and gave liberally to the poor. The sheriff of Nottingham tried many time to capture Robin Hood and his band of devoted followers, by means of cleverly laid traps, but on every occasion, the outlaw was cleverer than the sheriff. This time they captured the Robin Hood and the sheriff made severe arrangements, double guards to the prison.

Little John and Friar Tuck
Little John and Friar Tuck secretly entered into the castle of the Sheriff. When they entered the sheriff's kitchen, Friar Tuck was unable to control himself. He wanted to eat a lot. Little John convinced him that they have come to save the Robin Hood.

Little John Became the Sentry
When the sentry passed, Little John stole sentry's steel cap, leather coat and halberd. He appeared as a sentry. Then the steward entered and mumbled with his mouth full. John asked the steward to have his dinner. Little John convinced him tactfully and he gave delicious food items. He helped the steward to unfasten his belt. During that time John removed the bunch of keys from the belt, went back to his place.

Conclusion
When the steward went to sleep, John went to the prison and opened it. Then the sheriff came there and they put sheriff into the prison. Thus Robin Hood had escaped from the prison.

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4. THE ANNIVERSARY - Anton Chekhov
Introduction
Anton Chekhov, a doctor by profession, was a Russian short story writer and playwright. The Anniversary by Anton Chekov   is a hilarious play about a banker who is preparing to meet some respected shareholders for the bank’s 15th anniversary celebrations. The play revolves around four important characters - Mr Andrei Shipuchin, Mr.Kirin, Mrs Tatiana and Mrs Merchutkina.

Relationship Between Kirin and Shipuchin
Shipuchin was a chairman of a cooperative bank and also he was a sentimental admirer of women. Kirin was the bank's book-keeper. He was completely opposite to Shipuchin. He was preparing the report for the fifteenth anniversary of the bank. He worked day and night for the report. And he told the bank employees that the chairman was going to reward for his pains. Shipuchin entered and thanked him. There was a friendly relationship between them. Then he was getting ready to read the report. But he talked about Kirin's wife and their family life. It irritated Kirin.

Tatiana's Trouble
Tatiana was a Shipuchin's wife and she was a stupid chatterbox .When he started to read the report. his wife entered and she talked only useless matter. She told about her mother, sister and her journey. Shipuchin observed her words and he enjoyed. But it was an irritation to Kirin. He lost his patience and he told that he wanted to leave.

Mrs. Merchutkina
            In the midst of all this, suddenly an old woman came inside the bank. She seemed highly agitated and rushed to Mr. Shipuchin’s seat. Merchutkina wanted the bank to pay her husband’s complete wage of twenty four roubles and thirty six kopecks which she claimed had been wrongly deducted. However Mrs Merchutkina husband never worked with the bank and the bank never had anything to do with the payment of his wages. 

Conclusion
            Mr. Shipuchin gets angry and demands Mrs.Merchutkina to leave the bank immediately. But the woman refuses and is persistent on her demands. Finally at the end of his wits the accountant who has been silent victim all this while threatens to get her thrown out of the bank if she did not leave by herself. Even this threat did not deter her from demanding her husband’s rightful share of wages.

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